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SPECIFIC GRAVITY cg WATER at 20 oC

Specific gravity expresses the density of a liquid relative to water at 20 °C and is a key factor in fluid handling and process design. It affects how fluids behave under pressure, how pumps and valves perform, and how systems must be balanced for safe and efficient operation. This table lists typical specific gravity values for common process liquids used in industrial and food applications.

SPECIFIC GRAVITY (SG) OF LIQUIDS AT 20 °C

Liquid % SG
Acetic Acid1001.05
Acetone1000.80
Ammonium Chloride1001.50
Boric Acid1001.40
Carbon Tetrachloride1001.60
Chromic Acid1002.70
Caustic Soda (Sodium Hydroxide)501.52
Caustic Soda (Sodium Hydroxide)301.33
Caustic Soda (Sodium Hydroxide)201.22
Cyclohexane1000.80
Ethanol1000.79
Ethylene Glycol1001.11
Formic Acid1001.20
Hexane1000.70
Hydrochloric Acid301.15
Hydrogen Peroxide1001.44
Methanol1000.79
Nitric Acid1001.51
Nickel Sulphate1003.70
Phosphoric Acid1001.80
Potassium Permanganate1002.70
Sodium Chloride1002.20
Sodium Hypochlorite121.14
Sodium Nitrate1002.30
Sulphuric Acid1001.80
Toluene1000.90
Trichloroethylene1001.50

SG = Specific Gravity (density relative to water at 20 °C). Use for quick reference when comparing liquid densities.

Knowing the specific gravity of a liquid helps engineers select suitable fluid handling equipment for food processing, chemical dosing, and thermal systems. A liquid heavier than water requires greater pumping power and may affect flow rates, while lighter liquids can increase the risk of vapor formation or instability in tanks and pipelines.

In the food and beverage sector, specific gravity data supports quality control, blending, and recipe standardization. It also influences the calibration of flow meters and dosing pumps, ensuring accurate ingredient ratios and consistent product characteristics across production batches.

Accurate specific gravity information is equally important for selecting seals, bearings, and materials that withstand the fluid’s density and chemical properties. Engineers use these values to optimize pump efficiency, reduce wear, and maintain hygienic operation in sanitary systems.

These typical values provide a reliable starting point for comparing liquid densities and evaluating process conditions. Always confirm actual data with product specifications or testing before selecting or commissioning equipment for precise fluid handling applications.

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DISCLAIMER: The information provided by AxFlow Holding AB ('we', 'us', or 'our') on https://www.axflow.com (site 'Site') is for general information purposes only.
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